Man Moment Machine: U2 Spyplane

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Military Blunders: Operation Sealion - The Mission that Never Was

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DISAPPEARING BRITAIN: Coal  >>>

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union

Association of workers, see trade union.


From the Hutchinson Encyclopedia of World History. © Research Machines plc [2006] All Rights Reserved, Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines.
176 listings
 

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Chechnya in Focus
Iraq
Zimbabwe's Political History
Global Warming
Pope John Paul II
Sea Spies
Soviet UFO Secrets Revealed
Isaac's Storm
The Crusades
The Olympics
D-Day
The Gunpowder Plot
The Olympic 28
The American Civil War: The Road to War
Charlie Wilson's War
Chechnya in Focus
Iraq
Zimbabwe's Political History
Global Warming
2 January 1979

In response to Soviet military intervention into Afghanistan in December 1979, US President Jimmy Carter requests that the Senate postpone action on the SALT-II nuclear weapons treaty and recalls the US ambassador to the Soviet Union.

5 January 1968

Alexander Dubcek becomes the new leader of Czechoslovakia. In what came to be known as the 'Prague Spring', Dubeck introduced liberal reforms to the Communist regime. However, in August, the Soviet Union put an end to this reform process with the invasion of Czechoslovakia.

8 January 1790

George Washington delivers the first State of the Union Address in New York City.

9 January 1861

In a precursor to the start of the Civil War in America, a Union merchant ship, the ‘Star of the West’, is fired upon as it tries to bring supplies to Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.

14 January 1980

In a diplomatic rebuke to the Soviet Union, the UN General Assembly votes 104 to 18 to 'deplore' the Russian intervention in Afghanistan.

21 January 1924

In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin dies from a cerebral haemorrhage.

22 January 1980

Soviet nuclear physicist Dr Andrei Sakharov, is sent into exile from the Soviet Union. Sakharov was an outspoken critic of the communist regime.

23 January 1579

The Union of Utrech is signed, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, which were controlled by Spain.

27 January 1985

Coca Cola announces that it will sell its produce in the Soviet Union.

29 January 2002

In his State of the Union Address, American President George W Bush argues that there is an 'Axis of Evil', comprised of countries which are destabilising the world.

1 February 1861
Texas becomes the seventh state to secede from the Union.
3 February 1966
The Soviet Union makes the first controlled landing of a spacecraft, Luna 9, on the Moon.
4 February 1988
Against the advice of their union  - The National Union of Seamen - thousands of British seamen continue their strike action, closing many ports in Britain.
7 February 1990
The Central Committee of the Soviet Union's Communist Party agrees to endorse President Mikhail Gorbachev's recommendation that the party give up its 70-year long monopoly of political power.
9 February 1991
Lithuania votes for independence from the Soviet Union.
10 February 1962
US spy plane pilot Gary Powers, shot down by the Soviet Union, is exchanged in Berlin for KGB agent Rudolf Abel, arrested in New York in 1957.
11 February 1971
Britain, the US and the Soviet Union are among the countries which sign The Seabed Arms Control Treaty.
13 February 1815

The Cambridge Union Society is formed.

14 February 1956

The twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union takes place. During the Congress new leader Nikita Krushchev makes the first official criticism of former leader Josef Stalin.

15 February 1950

The Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China sign a mutual defence and assistance treaty.

17 February 1947

As part of the America’s Cold War propaganda against the Soviet Union, the radio broadcasting service, Voice of America, starts to broadcast to the Soviet Union.

20 February 2005

In a national referendum Spain votes in favour of endorsing the European Union Constitution.

22 February 1994

In America, CIA agent Aldrich Ames is arrested for selling secrets to the Soviet Union

27 February 1900

The Labour Representation Committee is formed in Britain by the Independent Labour Party, the Fabian Society, the Social Democratic Federation and trade unions at a conference in London.

2 March 1919
In the Soviet Union, the first Communist International (Comintern) meets in Moscow.
3 March 1985
In Britain, The National Union of Mineworkers national executive votes on behalf of its members to call off its year long strike.
6 March 1953
Georgi Malenkov succeeds Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union.
7 March 1950
The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs is a Russian spy.
8 March 1983
American President Ronald Reagan again refers to the Soviet Union in a speech as the “evil empire.”
11 March 1985
Mikhail Gorbachov becomes the leader of the Soviet Union.
12 March 1964
In America, Jimmy Hoffa, president of the American Teamsters union, is sentenced to eight years in jail on bribery charges.
13 March 1961
The trial of five people known as Portland Spy for plotting to pass official secrets to the Soviet Union Ring begins at the Old Bailey in England.
17 March 1948
Belgium, Britain, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Brussels, creating the defence pact the Western European Union.
18 March 1834
In England, six agricultural labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorchester are sentenced to seven years of banishment to Australia's New South Wales penal colony for their trade union activities.
25 March 2000
In Northern Ireland, Ulster Unionist party leader David Trimble narrowly wins an election to maintain his position.
27 March 1989
In the Soviet Union, the first general election is held where people can vote for candidates from parties other than the Communist Party.
31 March 1966
The Soviet Union launches Luna 10, an unmanned probe which becomes the first to reach the orbit of the Moon.
1 April 1946
The Malayan Union is formed.
3 April 1922
Joseph Stalin becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
5 April 1951
A court in America sentences Julius and Ethel Rosenberg to death for spying for the Soviet Union.
9 April 1865
At Appomattox, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War.
12 April 1606
The original Union Jack is adopted by Britain.
13 April 2005

The European Parliament votes to allow Bulgaria and Romania to join the European Union in 2007.

14 April 1988
The Soviet Union signs an agreement committing it to leave Afghanistan.
16 April 1947
The term “Cold War”, to describe relations between the West and the Soviet Union, is first used in a speech by financier Bernard Baruch in America.
17 April 1969
Czechoslovakian Communist Party leader, Alexander Dubcek, is forced to resign by the Soviet Union.
20 April 1978
Soviet aircraft force a Korean Air Lines passenger jet to land in the Soviet Union after the jet veers into Russian airspace. Two people are killed and several others injured after the jet was forced to make an emergency landing. .
25 April 2005

Bulgaria and Romania sign accession treaties to the European Union, which they join in 2007.

28 April 1994
Former CIA agent Aldrich Ames is sentenced to life in prison by a court in Arlington, Virginia for spying for the Soviet Union.
1 May 2004
Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia join the European Union.
2 May 1933
In Germany, the Nazi regime bans trade unions.
4 May 1990
Latvia proclaims independence from the Soviet Union.
7 May 1960
The Soviet Union announces that it is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers, having previously shot down his plane which was flying over Soviet air space. 
8 May 1984
The Soviet Union withdraws from the Los Angeles Olympic Games.
10 May 1865
In America, Jefferson Davis, president of the fallen Confederate government, is captured by Union forces.
14 May 1955
The Soviet Union; Albania; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; East Germany; Hungary; Poland and Romania sign The Warsaw Pact.
17 May 1960
The East-West summit in Paris between the Soviet Union, America, Britain and France fails to get past procedural matters due to a row erupting about the American U2 spy plane that was shot down over Russia on 1 May. 
19 May 1967
The Soviet Union ratifies an agreement banning nuclear weapons from outer space.
24 May 1999
England Rugby Union captain Lawrence Dallaglio resigns following newspaper allegations that he took and dealt hard drugs.
27 May 1963
In Kenya, the Kenya African Nation Union wins the country's first general election.
29 May 2005
A national referendum in France rejects ratification of the European Union Constitution.
31 May 1910
The colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony are united to form the Union of South Africa.
1 June 1990
America and the Soviet Union sign an agreement to end production of chemical weapons and begin the destruction of their reserves of them.
2 June 1865
In an event that is generally regarded as marking the end of the American Civil War, Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of Confederate forces west of the Mississippi, signs the surrender terms offered by Union negotiators.
5 June 1864
American Civil War: Union forces defeat a Confederate army at the Battle of Piedmont in Virginia.
6 June 1971
The Soviet Union launch Soyuz 11, the first successful spaceflight to the world's first space station. Salyut 1.
7 June 1905
The Norwegian Parliament decides to separate the country from its union with Sweden.
9 June 1944
The Second World War: The Red Army push into East Karelia, in Finland, fighting to gain back control of territory that had already been ceded to the Soviet Union.
15 June 1954
The Union des Associations Europeennes de Football (UEFA) is founded in Basle, Switzerland.
17 June 1953
The Soviet Union orders an entire armoured division of its troops into East Berlin to crush a rebellion by workers and anti-government protesters.
19 June 1864
The Confederate raider CSS Alabama is sunk off the coast of Cherbourg, France by the Union vessel the USS Kearsage.
20 June 1987
Rugby Union’s first World Cup is won by New Zealand - beating France 29-9 in the final in Auckland, New Zealand.
23 June 1983
In Poland, Pope John Paul II meets Lech Walesa, the leader of Solidarity, Poland’s independent trade union movement banned by the communist authorities.
24 June 1968
Rail services across Britain are thrown into chaos as the National Union of Railwaymen refuse to work overtime as they seek a better pay deal.
27 June 1864
American Civil War: Union General William T. Sherman launches a major attack on Confederate General Joseph Johnston’s army at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia.
28 June 1948
The Soviet Union expels Yugoslavia from the Communist Information Bureau (COMINFORM) for the latter’s position on the Greek civil war.
2 July 1985
In the Soviet Union, Andrei Gromyko becomes chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
3 July 1957
Nikita Khrushchev secures his leadership in the Soviet Union by removing most of his serious opponents from positions of authority in the government.
4 July 1863
American Civil War: Union forces defeat the Confederates at the Battle of Vicksburg.
9 July 2001
The African Union is formed.
11 July 1945
The Second World War: The Soviet Union promises to hand power over to British and U.S. forces in West Berlin.
14 July 1864
The American Civil War: Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest suffers his biggest defeat when Union General Andrew J. Smith routs his force in Tupelo, Mississippi.
20 July 1917
In the Pact of Corfu, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes agree to form a union called Yugoslavia.
21 July 1861
American Civil War: The First Battle of Bull Run, with victory for the Confederates over the Union.
23 July 1962
The United States and the Soviet Union sign an agreement guaranteeing a free and neutral Laos.
24 July 1908
Amid turmoil in the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdul Hamid decrees restoration of the constitution, fulfilling the main demand of the Committee of Union and Progress, a rising reformist political party known as the Young Turks.
25 July 1861
The American Civil War: Congress passes the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution which declares that the war is being waged for the reunion of the states and not to interfere with the institutions of the South, namely slavery.
26 July 1788
In America, New York State becomes the 11th state of the Union.
1 August 1975
The United States, the Soviet Union, Canada and every European nation (except Albania) sign the Helsinki Final Act at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
3 August 1948
In hearings before the House Un-American Activities Committee, Whittaker Chambers accuses former State Department official Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.
7 August 1987
Lynne Cox becomes the first woman to swim from the United States to the Soviet Union.
8 August 1945
The Second World War: The Soviet Union officially declares war on Japan, invading Japanese-occupied Manchuria in north eastern China.
10 August 1821
Missouri enters the Union as the 24th state of America.
17 August 1970
The Soviet Union launches Venera 7, the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from Venus.
19 August 1960
The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 5 into space with the dogs Belka and Strelka onboard.
20 August 1991
Estonia regains independence from the Soviet Union.
22 August 1944
The Second World War: Romania is conquered by the Soviet Union.
23 August 1990
Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union.
24 August 1991
The Parliament of Ukraine declares independence from the Soviet Union.
25 August 1991
Belarus declares independence from the Soviet Union.
26 August 1957
The Soviet Union announces that it has successfully tested an intercontinental ballistic missile.
27 August 1991
Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union.
29 August 1949
The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb in Kazakhstan.
30 August 1980
Polish trade union leader Lech Walesa wins a victory for Polish workers as the communist authorities agree to recognise independent trade unions and the right of workers to strike.
31 August 1991
Kyrgyzstan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
1 September 1983
The Soviet Union shoots down a Korean Airlines passenger plane after it accidentally strayed into Russian airspace. All 269 people onboard are killed.
6 September 1991
The Soviet Union recognises the independent Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
9 September 1991
The Republic of Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
12 September 1990
Representatives from the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union sign an agreement giving up all occupation rights in Germany.
13 September 1990
Andrei Chikatilo, the Soviet Union’s most prolific serial killer, is charged with the murder of 53 people.
14 September 2003
In a national referendum in Estonia, the country votes to join the European Union.
17 September 1939
The Second World War: the Soviet Union takes advantage of its non-aggression treaty with Germany to invade Poland from the East.
20 September 2003
In a national referendum, Latvia votes in favour of joining the European Union.
21 September 1991
Armenia’s independence is recognised by the Soviet Union.
23 September 1997
In Northern Ireland, representatives from The Ulster Unionist Party and Sinn Fein meet for face to face talks at Stormont for the first time since the Ulster Unionist lifted their 80 year ban on talking to Sinn Fein.
25 September 1972
In a national referendum Norway votes against joining the European Union.  
28 September 1939
The Second World War: Germany and the Soviet Union agree on the partition of Poland.
9 October 1988
Thousands of Latvians march through the streets of Riga demanding greater autonomy for the country from the Soviet Union. 
12 October 1964
The Soviet Union launches Voskhod 1 into orbit around Earth. It was the first spacecraft to carry a multi-person crew and the first flight performed without space suits.
14 October 1964
Whilst on holiday Nikita Khrushchev is ousted from power in the Soviet Union as Leonid Brezhnev assumes control.
17 October 1945
In Argentina, thousands of trade unionists march through Buenos Aires demanding that Colonel Juan Peron is released from prison.
24 October 1861
In America, the Western Union Telegraph Company completes the first transcontinental telegraph line.
26 October 1959
The Soviet Union releases pictures of the far side of the Moon taken by the satellite Lunik 3.
30 October 1961
The Soviet Union conducts the world’s largest ever nuclear test over the Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya.
31 October 1864
In America, Nevada becomes the 36th state to join the Union.
1 November 1993
The European Union is formally established.
4 November 1956
Soviet troops enter Budapest as Soviet planes bomb part of the city putting an end to Hungary’s move towards independence from the Soviet Union.
7 November 1944
The Second World War: Soviet spy Richard Sorge, who had used the cover of a German journalist to report on Germany and Japan for the Soviet Union, is hanged by his Japanese captors.
8 November 1861
The Trent Affair; Confederate commissioners to Great Britain and France are forced off a British ship by Unionists. They’re released and allowed back on board after strong British protests.
10 November 1982
The leader of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev dies aged 75.
12 November 1982
After spending 11 months imprisoned without trial, the leader of the Polish Trade Union movement Solidarity, Lech Walesa, is released by the Communist authorities. 
13 November 1979
In Britain, The Times newspaper is published for the first time in nearly a year after a dispute between the management of the paper and a printing union is resolved. 
14 November 1951
In an attempt to widen the split between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, President Harry Truman asks Congress for U.S. military and economic aid for the communist Yugoslavia.
16 November 1965
The Soviet Union launches the unmanned spacecraft Venera 3, which eventually lands on the surface of the planet Venus, becoming the first space probe to successfully land on another planet.
19 November 1985
President Ronald Reagan and the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Geneva, Switzerland, for the first meeting between American and the Soviet Union for six years.
21 November 1985
The Geneva summit between American and the Soviet Union ends amicably but without a formal agreement on weapons reduction. 
25 November 1937
Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern pact in Berlin, providing for consultation should either country be attacked by the Soviet Union.
28 November 1994
In a national referendum in Norway, the country votes against joining the European Union.
30 November 1981
Representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union open talks to reduce their intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) in Europe. However, they fail to reach an agreement.
5 December 1978
An unpopular pro-Soviet regime in Afghanistan signs a “friendship treaty” with the Soviet Union. The Soviet’s agree to provide economic and military assistance to the Afghan government.
7 December 1988
In the Soviet Union, an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits north western Armenia killing approximately 25,000 people.
8 December 1991
The beginning of the end of the Soviet Union; three of the major republics - Russia, Ukraine and Belarus unite to form the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
9 December 1990
Solidarity union leader Lech Walesa is elected President of Poland.
10 December 1817
Mississippi is admitted to the Union as an American state.
11 December 1816
Indiana officially joins the Union becoming an American state.
13 December 1981
The communist government impose martial law in Poland arresting leaders of the workers union, Solidarity.
14 December 1939
The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations.
16 December 1984
Prior to his appointment as leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev meets British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in England.
19 December 1981
The 8-man crew of the Penlee Lifeboat all lose their lives attempting to rescue the crew of the coaster Union Star which is wrecked in violent seas off the coast of Cornwall, England.
20 December 1860
South Carolina secedes from the American Union and joins the Confederacy.
21 December 1977
In Britain, The Trades Union Congress General Council rejects calls by fireman to launch a public campaign against the imposition of a 10% limit on wage increases.
22 December 1864
The American Civil War: Union commander W. T. Sherman occupies Savannah, Georgia after Confederate forces surrender.
23 December 1986
The Soviet Union’s most prominent dissident Andrei Sakharov returns to Moscow and vows to continue the struggle for human rights in the country following the end of his internal exile in the city of Gorky.
25 December 1991
Mikhail Gorbachev formally resigns as President of the Soviet Union.
28 December 1869
The Knights of Labour, a labour union of tailors in Philadelphia, hold the first Labour Day ceremonies in U.S. history.
29 December 1845
Texas officially becomes a state of the American Union.
30 December 1922
Russia officially becomes the USSR - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
 

1776: United States declares independence
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