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Yalta: Peace, Power And Betrayal

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peace

A concept with two distinct meanings. On the one hand it can be defined negatively as the absence of war and hostility; on the other hand in a religious context it suggests the idea of harmony and wholeness achieved through a proper relationship with God.

Attempts to achieve the cessation of war have taken varying and sometimes paradoxical forms. The 200‐year Pax Romana of the Roman Empire (from the reign of Augustus to that of Marcus Aurelius, 27 BC–AD 180) was achieved through military strength, and military parity between states is often cited as a guarantee of peace. On the other hand, pacifism– the belief that no violence can be justified – has been central to many faiths including Jainism, Buddhism, and the Quakers. The Jain concept of ahimsa, respect for all living things, was an influence on Gandhi. For Muslims and Jews, peace is an ideal of social well‐being as well as an aspect of the Godhead, and their respective word for it, salaam and shalom, is the customary greeting between the faithful.

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2 January 1993
Warring factions discuss peace for Bosnia in Geneva. It is the first time that the head of the Muslims, Serbs, Bosnians and Croats have met face to face since the outbreak of the war in Yugoslavia.

4 January 1998
Loyalist prisoners in Maze Prison, Northern Ireland, vote to withdraw support for the Ulster Peace Process. They claim that too many concessions have been made to Republicans.

8 January 1918

President Woodrow Wilson introduces his 'Fourteen Points', through which he hopes to establish lasting peace at the end of the Great War. Amongst others, these include the right to national self-determination and the establishment of a post war world body to resolve future conflict.

10 January 1922

Arthur Griffith, the founder of Sinn Fein and one of the architects of the 1921 peace treaty with Britain, is elected president of the newly established Irish Free State.

12 January 1919

The first meeting between British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George;French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau; Italian Prime Minister, Vittorio Orlando; and American President Woodrow Wilson takes place at the Paris peace conference.

15 January 1973

Following peace talks in Paris, US President Nixon orders a halt to American bombing in Vietnam.

16 January 1992
The Chapultepec Peace Accords are signed in Mexico City, which brings an end to the civil war in El Salvador.

18 January 1919

World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France.

23 January 1973

President Nixon announces that he has achieved 'peace with honour', as the Vietnam peace agreement is signed, removing US troops from Vietnam.

30 January 1952

The Korean War: Peace talks about ending the war stall.

2 February 1920
The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia, ending the Estonian War of Independence.

4 February 1973
The Vietnam War: The International Commission of Control and Supervision, created by the Paris Peace Accords to supervise the ceasefire between North and South Vietnam, starts work.

21 February 1970

The Vietnam War: American National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger begins secret peace talks with North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho, in Paris.

1 March 1961
American President, John Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.

7 March 1918
The First World War: A newly independent Finland signs a peace treaty with Germany.

10 March 1940
U.S. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles meets with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to discuss a peacemaking proposal to prevent a widening of the European war.

23 March 2006
In Iraq, kidnapped British peace activist, Norman Kember, is freed after coalition forces launch a successful raid to free him

25 March 1969
John Lennon and Yoko Ono celebrate their honeymoon by beginning their bed-in for peace, inviting the worlds press to spend a week observing them talk and sing about peace.

26 March 1979
President Sadat of Egypt and Israeli Prime Minister Menachim Begin sign a peace agreement at the White House.

30 March 2002
In Britain, The Queen Mother dies peacefully in her sleep, aged 101.

31 March 1968
President Lyndon B. Johnson announces a halt to American bombing in Vietnam in an attempt to start peace talks with the North Vietnamese. He also declares that he will not seek re-election as President.

4 April 1984
In England, the peace protesting women who had set up camp on Greenham Common in Berkshire are evicted form the site.

10 April 1998

The Good Friday peace agreement is signed in Northern Ireland.

22 April 1978
In Jamaica, Bob Marley holds his seminal One Love Peace concert, which brings to together Jamaica’s divided politicians.

27 April 1984
The siege in the Libyan embassy in London ends peacefully.

30 April 2001
The Mitchell Report is published, another attempt to reinvigorate the Middle East peace process.

10 May 1998
In Northern Ireland, Sinn Fein vote in favour of accepting the Good Friday peace agreement.

23 May 1998

In a referendum the People of Northern Ireland vote in favour of accepting the Good Friday peace agreement.

26 May 1969
Beatle John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono stage a public “bed in” for world peace - staying in bed for a week in a hotel in Montreal.

30 May 1635
The Peace of Prague is signed between the Holy Roman Empire and most of the Protestant states of the Empire.

31 May 1902
End of the Boer War in South Africa with the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging. Boers accept British sovereignty but are promised self-government in the Orange River Colony and the Transvaal.

6 June 1982
Israel launches the Operation Peace of the Galilee, the invasion of Southern Lebanon.

13 June 1973
The Vietnam War: American and North Vietnam sign a further peace agreement designed to end all cease-fire violations in South Vietnam.

26 June 2000
As part of the on-going peace process in Northern Ireland, International inspectors verify that they have seen IRA weapons stored away in secure bunkers.

10 July 1985
The Greenpeace campaign ship, Rainbow Warrior, sinks off Auckland in New Zealand after two explosions inside the hull. Two operatives from the French intelligence service DGSE were held responsible and were subsequently found guilty of manslaughter.

11 July 1995
The Bosnian Serb army forces Dutch peacekeepers to withdraw from the United Nations safe area of Srebrenica. The Serb army subsequently commits one of Europe’s worst genocides in Srebrenica killing in excess of 7000 Muslims.

14 July 2001
Northern Irish politicians fail to resolve the deadlock in the peace process after six days of crisis talks in Staffordshire, England. The Northern Ireland Assembly is eventually suspended in August.

17 July 1945
World War II: Opening of the Potsdam Conference between world leaders Harry Truman; Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill to plan for future peace once Germany has been defeated.

24 July 2000
As part of the Good Friday peace agreement in Northern Ireland., loyalist paramilitary hitman Michael Stone is released from the Maze prison.

28 July 2005
In an historic announcement the IRA declare that their armed campaign has ended, and that it will only pursue peaceful means to secure a united Ireland.

30 July 1974
Britain, Greece and Turkey sign a peace deal to end the fighting in Cyprus.

7 August 2003
West African peacekeepers start to patrol the wart torn Liberian capital Monrovia following a statement issued by the country's President, Charles Taylor, announcing his resignation.

12 August 1898
Spanish-American War comes to an end when Spain formally agrees to a peace protocol on U.S. terms: the cession of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Manila in the Philippines to the United States pending a final peace treaty.

29 August 1992
A peaceful protest march in eastern Germany of left-wing groups against right-wing attacks on refugees in the country ends in violent clashes between the police and the protesters.

8 September 1951
The Treaty of Peace with Japan is signed by 49 nations in San Francisco, America.

20 September 1999
A UN peacekeeping force arrives in East Timor to try and restore order.

25 September 1555
The Peace of Augsburg is signed between the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League thus ending the Schmalkaldic Wars between the Holy Roman Empire and France.

3 October 1975
In London, England, the ‘Spaghetti House siege’ is brought to a peaceful conclusion as the six remaining hostages are released by their kidnappers, who are subsequently arrested.

4 October 1992
The Rome General Peace Accords are singed ending the civil war in Mozambique.

8 October 1970
The North Vietnamese turn down American President Richard Nixon’s latest attempt to instigate peace talks.

9 October 1975
Andrei Sakharov is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Having helped to develop the Soviet Union’s first hydrogen bomb, Sakharov subsequently campaigned against the arms race and become a passionate advocate of human rights.

11 October 2002
Former American President Jimmy Carter is awarded the Novel Peace Prize.

14 October 1994
The Nobel Peace Prize is jointly awarded to the Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin; Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organisation Yasser Arafat.

15 October 1990
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev wins the Nobel Peace Prize.

16 October 1973
Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho are jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

17 October 1961
Paris police massacre more than 200 Algerians marching in the city in support of peace talks to end their country’s war of independence against France.

26 October 1994
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin and King Hussein of Jordan sign a peace treaty on the Israeli-Jordanian border.

30 October 1991
Israel and all its Arab neighbours meet for a Middle East peace conference in Spain.

31 October 1968
The Vietnam War: Addressing the American nation on television President Johnson announces a halt to American bombing in Vietnam and also disclosed that all sides had agreed to start peace talks.

3 November 1985
In a court in Auckland, New Zealand two French secret service agents change their pleas to guilty with regard to arson and manslaughter in connection with the bombing of the Greenpeace boat the Rainbow Warrior. They are both found guilty and sentenced to 10 years in jail.

21 November 1995
Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia agree to a U.S. brokered peace deal, the Dayton Accord, to end the fighting in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

1 December 1959
Twelve countries sign an agreement to preserve Antarctica for peaceful scientific research.

10 December 1986
Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

14 December 1995
Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia sign the Dayton Accords, a peace agreement to end the fighting in the former Yugoslavia.

15 December 1993
British Prime Minister John Major and Irish Taisoch Albert Reynolds issue the Downing Street Declaration paving the way for the beginning of the peace process in Northern Ireland.

18 December 1972
The Vietnam War: Following the breakdown of peace negotiations in Paris, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the resumption of American bombing in North Vietnam – the Linebacker II Operation.

20 December 1995
In a formal ceremony in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina NATO assumes responsibility foe peacekeeping duties in Bosnia.

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ENCYCLOPEDIA

Yalta: Peace, Power And Betrayal

The Sinking Of The Andrea Doria

Hippies >>>

peace

Ancient Chinese Sports

Sat 4 Jul 9.00pm

The Plague (Part 2 of 2)

Sat 4 Jul 10.00pm