Rome - Rise and Fall of an Empire: Barbarian General

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Military Blunders: A Bridge Too Far

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Hi-Tech Hitler  >>>

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general

Senior military rank, the ascending grades being major general, lieutenant general, and general. The US rank of general of the army is equivalent to the British field marshal.


From the Hutchinson Encyclopedia of World History. © Research Machines plc [2006] All Rights Reserved, Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines.
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Victoria's Wars
European History for Dummies
Sudan
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Origins Of Terrorism
Rwanda
British Racism
Zimbabwe's Political History
Alexander the Great
TECH EFFECT: Waco
Tin Town
World War 1 Tech
The Boys of H Company
THE FIRST 48: At Close Range/Murder in Motor City
Soviet UFO Secrets Revealed
FIRST 48: Desert Bones/Party's Over
Isaac's Storm
The Crusades
D-Day
The Great War: Germany’s failed gambit
The Killing Fields: The Khmer Rouge and Cambodia
The Zulu War of 1879
The Falklands War
The 11th Day
The Baader Meinhof Complex
'Che' Film Review
'Valkyrie' Interview
Newsletter Optin
The American Civil War: The Road to War
NAM - The Somme
Corgi
The 11th Day
The Brits Who Fought For Spain
Breitling Media
Veterans Day
Sudan
Chechnya in Focus
Origins Of Terrorism
Rwanda
British Racism
Zimbabwe's Political History
2 January 1757

British General Robert Clive, known to history as 'Clive of India', captures Calcutta after its seizure by the Nawab of Bengal. The latter imprisoned 146 British prisoners in the notorious 'Black Hole'. Only 23 survived.

8 January 1815
U.S. General Andrew Jackson achieves the greatest American victory of the war at the Battle of New Orleans; two weeks after the official end of the war of 1812, and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.
9 January 1945

General MacArthur presides over the landing of the American 6th Army on Luzon, in another step towards capturing the Philippine Islands from the Japanese.

10 January 1991

United Nations Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar sets off for Baghdad in a final diplomatic effort to avoid war with Iraq.

11 January 1922

The first successful use of insulin to treat diabetes. The patient was Leonard Thompson, who was treated at Toronto General Hospital in Canada.

13 January 1916

World War I: In an attempt to relieve their compatriots under heavy siege by Turkish forces at Kut-al Amara in Mesopotamia, British forces under the command of Lieutenant General Fenton Aylmer launch an attack against Turkish defensive positions on the banks of the Wadi River.

14 January 1980

In a diplomatic rebuke to the Soviet Union, the UN General Assembly votes 104 to 18 to 'deplore' the Russian intervention in Afghanistan.

15 January 1984

After losing his seat at the 1983 British General Election, Tony Benn wins Labour's nomination for the Chesterfield by-election. Benn subsequently won the by-election and retained his seat until he retired from the House of Commons in 2001.

24 January 1943

World War II: German General, Friedrich von Paulus, Commander in Chief of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad, requests permission from Adolf Hitler to surrender his position there, but Hitler refuses.

25 January 1971

General Idi Amin seizes power in Uganda.

26 January 1939

Spanish Civil War: Barcelona falls to the forces of General Franco.

28 January 1982

US Brigadier General James Dozier is rescued by Italian police in Padua, after he was kidnapped by the Red Brigade.

1 February 1946
Norwegian politician Trygve Lie becomes the first United Nations Secretary General.
2 February 1971
Major-General Idi Amin declares himself to be the absolute ruler of Uganda.
4 February 2005
In the US, Alberto Gonzales' appointment is ratified by Congress as he becomes the first Hispanic Attorney General.
6 February 2005
In Thailand, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra wins an unprecedented landslide victory in the general election.
7 February 1974
British Prime Minister Edward Heath calls a snap general election.
8 February 1914
Under the command of Major General Orde Wingate, the 77th Indian Brigade, also called the Chindits, launch guerrilla raids behind Japanese lines in Burma.
12 February 2006

During the Italian general election campaign, Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi causes controversy by comparing himself to Jesus Christ.

13 February 1984

Konstantin Chernenko becomes general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.

14 February 1943

The Second World War: Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and the Afrika Korps launch an offensive against the Allies in Tunisia.

16 February 1985

In England, Ministry of Defence assistant secretary Clive Ponting resigns. Ponting become famous for passing information to an M.P about the sinking of the Argentinean ship the General Belgrano by British forces during the Falklands War.

18 February 1954

Robert Stevens, Secretary of the US army, orders two generals subpoenaed by anti-Communist senator Joseph McCarthy, to ignore the summons.

19 February 1965

The Vietnam War: South Vietnam’s leader, General Nguyen Khanh is forced to flee Saigon after dissident officers move several battalions of troops into the city with the intention deposing him.

20 February 1983

In the Indian state of Assam, hundreds of people are killed as violence spreads in the run up to the general election.

24 February 1950

In Britain, the Labour Party wins another term in office as they narrowly win the general election.

26 February 1990

In Nicaragua, the Sandinista government loses the general election.

27 February 1999

In Nigeria, a general election takes place, ending fifteen years of military rule.

2 March 2000
Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet returns home to Chile after the British government decides not extradite him to Europe to face trail on torture charges.
4 March 1980
In Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe wins the general election to become the countries first black prime minister.
5 March 1983
Bob Hawke wins the Australian general election and becomes prime minister.
7 March 1973
Sheikh Mujib Rahman becomes prime minister of Bangladesh, after winning victory in the country's first ever general election.
11 March 1993

Janet Reno is confirmed by the US Senate as Attorney General. She is the first female to attain this position.

14 March 2004
In the wake of the Madrid train bombings, The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) wins the general election in Spain.
15 March 1783
In New York, General George Washington puts an end to the Newburgh Conspiracy, by convincing a n assembly of army officers to remain loyal to Congress.
18 March 1970
Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia is overthrown by General Lon Nol.
19 March 1945
The Second World War: General Friedrich Fromm, the commander of the German Home Army, is killed for his part in the attempted plot to kill Adolf Hitler.
22 March 1968
The Vietnam War: General William Westmoreland is appointed Army Chief of Staff with General Creighton Abrams replacing Westmoreland as commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam.
27 March 1989
In the Soviet Union, the first general election is held where people can vote for candidates from parties other than the Communist Party.
28 March 1979
British Prime Minister James Callaghan loses a vote of confidence in the House of Commons forcing him to call a general election.
29 March 2006
Acting Israeli Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, declares victory for his new Kadima Party in the country’s general election.
30 March 1992
During the British general election Prime Minister John Major famously mounts his “soap box” whilst out electioneering in Cheltenham.
31 March 1966
In Britain, the Labour Party wins the general election.
3 April 1922
Joseph Stalin becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
4 April 2006
Despite winning the countries general election Thailand’s Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, resigns as his opponents accuse him of abuse of power and corruption.
7 April 1953
Dag Hammarskjold is elected secretary-general of the United Nations.
9 April 1992
The Conservative Party wins a fourth straight general election in Britain.
11 April 1951
General Douglas MacArthur is dismissed by President Truman as commander of the United Nations and US forces in the Far East after disagreements over American policy in Korea.
19 April 2006
The Italian Supreme Court rules in favour of Romano Prod’s general election victory after it had been challenged by the loser in the election Silvio Berlusconi.
23 April 1961
During the Algerian War of Independence, three French Generals stage the Algiers putsch, a failed coup attempt to take control of Algeria.
25 April 1964
President Johnson announces that General William Westmoreland will replace General Paul Harkins as head of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam.
27 April 1994
In South Africa the first democratic, multi-racial general election takes place.
28 April 2005
In Britain, the Labour government publishes the legal advice it received from the Attorney General Lord Goldsmith about the legality of invading Iraq.
29 April 1993
In England, it is announced that Buckingham Palace will open its doors to the general public for the first time.
1 May 1997
A landslide victory for the Labour Party in the British General election brings an end to the Conservative Party's 18 years in power.
2 May 1982
The Falkland War: The Argentine cruiser General Belgrano is sunk by the British submarine HMS Conqueror in the South Atlantic. 
3 May 1951
The Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees, meeting in closed session, begin their hearings into the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by President Harry S. Truman.
5 May 1789
In France, the Estates-General meet’s for the first time in 150 years.
6 May 2002
Controversial Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn is shot dead during the general election campaign in the Netherlands.
7 May 1965
In Rhodesia, Prime Minister Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front, wins all the seats it is eligible to win in the general election. 
12 May 1926
The TUC call off the General Strike in Britain.
16 May 2001
During the general election campaign in Britain, Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott, on a visit to Wales, punches a member of the public who had thrown an egg at in.
26 May 1865
The American Civil War: Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith surrenders, becoming one of the last Confederate generals to capitulate.
27 May 1963
In Kenya, the Kenya African Nation Union wins the country's first general election.
28 May 2003
Peter Hollingworth, the Governor-General of Australia, resigns over allegations that he mishandled an allegation of sexual abuse by an Anglican priest whilst he was Archbishop of Brisbane.
2 June 1865
In an event that is generally regarded as marking the end of the American Civil War, Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of Confederate forces west of the Mississippi, signs the surrender terms offered by Union negotiators.
7 June 2001
In Britain, Tony Blair and New Labour win their second consecutive general election.
8 June 1986
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria.
9 June 1983
In Britain, Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative Party win a second consecutive general election.
11 June 1987
Margaret Thatcher leads the Conservative Party to a third successive general election victory in Britain.
14 June 1982
The Falklands War: Surrender of Argentinean troops by General Menendez to the British Task Force in Port Stanley.
15 June 1904
In New York harbour, the steamship General Slocum catches fire and sinks - killing at least 1,000 - mostly women and children on a church outing.
16 June 2000
The UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, declares that Israel has fully complied with UN Security Council Resolution 425; the complete withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon.
19 June 1970
In Britain, the Conservative Party wins the general election - Edward Heath becomes Prime Minister.
20 June 2001
General Pervez Musharraf declares himself president of Pakistan.
21 June 1942
The Second World War: General Erwin Rommel captures the North African port of Tobruk in Libya.
25 June 1942
The Second World War: Major General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrives in London to take charge of U.S. forces in Europe.
27 June 1864
American Civil War: Union General William T. Sherman launches a major attack on Confederate General Joseph Johnston’s army at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia.
28 June 1991
Margaret Thatcher announces that she will retire from parliament at the forthcoming general election.
30 June 1943
The Second World War: General Douglas MacArthur launches Operation Cartwheel, a multi-pronged assault on Rabaul and several islands in the Solomon Sea in the South Pacific.
1 July 1863
American Civil War: Start of the three day Battle of Gettysburg with Confederate troops, led by General Robert E. Lee, launching the first attack.
3 July 1863
American Civil War: The end of the battle of Gettysburg with defeat for the Confederate Army by the Union Army commanded by General Meade.
5 July 1977
In a bloodless coup in Pakistan, General Mohammad Zia overthrows the Government of Ali Bhutto.
8 July 1950
The Korean War: General Douglas MacArthur is appointed head of the United Nations Command in Korea.
10 July 1777
The American Revolution: British General Richard Prescott is captured in Rhode Island by the patriot militia.
14 July 1958
Major-General Abdul Karim el Qasim stages a coup in Iraq, overthrowing the monarchy and killing both the Crown Prince and the Prime Minister.
17 July 1936
Start of the Spanish Civil War when the army, led by General Franco, revolts against the country's Republican Government.
25 July 1978
The world's first test tube baby, Louise Joy Brown, is born at Oldham General Hospital in the north of England.
26 July 1945
In Britain, the Labour Party led by Clement Attlee wins a landslide victory in the General Election, defeating Winston Churchill who had just led the country to victory during the Second World War.
28 July 1932
During the Great Depression, President Herbert Hoover orders the U.S. Army under General Douglas MacArthur to evict by force the Bonus Marchers from Washington D.C. The marches consisted of approximately 1000 First World War veterans seeking cash payments for their veterans’ bonus certificates.
31 July 1987
In Britain, Attorney General Sir Patrick Mayhew launches legal proceedings against the Sunday Telegraph newspaper for publishing three articles repeating details from the book Spy Catcher by Peter Wright, a senior former MI5 employee, which details the practices of the British intelligence services.
4 August 1936
General Ioannis Metaxas takes dictatorial control of Greece.
16 August 1964
General Nguyen Khanh, elected president by the Military Council, ousts Duong Van Minh as South Vietnamese chief of state.
17 August 1988
President of Pakistan, General Zia-ul-Haq, dies in a plane crash.
24 August 1814
In America, British troops led by General Ross invade the city of Washington and set fire to buildings in the capital, including the White House.
27 August 1776
American Revolution: British forces under General William Howe defeat Patriot forces under General George Washington at the Battle of Brooklyn in New York.
30 August 1945
The Second World War: U.S. General, Douglas MacArthur, lands in Japan to oversee the formal surrender ceremony and to organise the post-war Japanese government.
31 August 1955
In America, the world's first solar-powered automobile, designed by William G. Cobb, is demonstrated at the General Motors Powerama in Chicago.
7 September 1978
The British Prime Minister James Callaghan announces that there will be a general election in the autumn of 1979. 
8 September 1986
Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet survives an assassination attempt when left-wing opponents ambush his motorcade.
11 September 1973
A military junta led by General Augusto Pinochet and backed by the United States of America, overthrows the elected Marxist Government of Salvador Allende in Chile.
13 September 1759
British troops, under the command of General Wolfe, secure Canada for the British Empire after defeating the French at the Battle of Quebec. Wolfe is killed during the battle.
14 September 1847
Mexican - American War: American troops led by General Winfield Scott capture Mexico City.
17 September 1862
The American Civil War:  Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac fight to a standstill along a Maryland creek on the bloodiest day in American history. Approximately 3,600 people are killed.
21 September 1989
After receiving Senate approval, General Colin Powell becomes the first African American to be appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
26 September 2005

In Northern Ireland, General John de Chastelain, the head of the arms decommissioning body, announces that the IRA has put all of its weapons beyond use.

28 September 48BC
Upon landing in Egypt, Roman general and politician Pompey is murdered on the orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt.
30 September 1939
The Second World War: General Władysław Sikorski becomes Prime Minister of the Polish Government in exile.
1 October 1936
In Spain, military leader General Francisco Franco assumes the office of Head of State.
4 October 1992
The Rome General Peace Accords are singed ending the civil war in Mozambique.
5 October 1877
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrenders to U.S. General Nelson A. Miles in Montana.
9 October 1959
Harold Macmillan becomes British Prime Minister as the Conservatives win the General Election. 
10 October 2005
Following a general election in Germany, the political parties enter coalition negotiations which conclude with Angela Merkel emerging as the first female Chancellor of the country.
11 October 1974
Harold Wilson’s Labour government narrowly wins the British general election.
15 October 1987
The Governor-General of Fiji resign as, following a military coup in September, the country moves one step closer to becoming a republic.
16 October 1946
10 Nazi war criminals are executed in accordance with the sentences handed down by the Nuremburg trials. Among those hanged are General Alfred Jodl, Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Frick and Julius Streicher.
17 October 1777
American Revolution: British military commander General Burgoyne surrenders his troops to the American Colonists led by General Horatio Gates at the Battle of Saratoga in New York. 
20 October 1973
In America, President Richard Nixon orders Solicitor General Robert Bork to dismiss Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox; Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus resign in protest.
23 October 1941
The Second World War: Chief of the Soviet general staff, Georgi Zhukov, assumes command of Red Army operations in order to try and prevent Germany’s rapid advance into the heart of Russia.
25 October 1993
Jean Chrétien becomes Prime Minister of Canada as his Liberal Party wins the General Election.
26 October 1951
Winston Churchill Once again becomes Prime Minister of Britain as the Conservative Party wins the General Election.
27 October 1918
The First World War: Erich Ludendorff, the quartermaster general of the German army, resigns.
29 October 1975
Prince Carlos becomes the provisional head of state in Spain effectively ending General Franco’s 36 year dictatorial rule of the country.
2 November 1995
Former South African defence minister General Magnus Malan is one of the 20 people charged with the murder of 13 black people in 1987. Magnus, along with the other defendants is later acquitted.
5 November 1984
The ruling left-wing Sandinista party wins the General Election in Nicaragua, the first election held since the Sandinista’s came to power in a revolution five years ago. 
6 November 1963
The Vietnam War: Following the coup which deposed Ngo Dinh Diem, General Duong Van Minh assumes control of South Vietnam.
9 November 1970
General Charles de Gaulle dies aged 79. 
10 November 2001
In the wake of the 9th September terrorist attacks in America, President George W. Bush address the general assembly of the United Nations asking support in his war on terror.  
11 November 1992
The General Synod of the Church of England narrowly votes to accept women priests.
12 November 1982
Yuri Andropov becomes the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
15 November 2002
Hu Jintao becomes general secretary of the Communist Party of China.
19 November 1942
The Second World War: Red Army under General Georgi Zhukov launches Operation Uranus, the Soviet counteroffensive against the Germans at the Battle of Stalingrad.
20 November 1975
Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco dies aged 82.
22 November 1975
In Madrid, following the death of Spanish dictator General Franco, the monarchy is returned with Juan Carlos sworn in as King of Spain.
25 November 1982
The American Attorney General, Edwin Meese, reveals that proceeds from arms sales to Iran were illegally being diverted to the anti-communist Contra forces in Nicaragua.
27 November 1999
In a General Election in New Zealand Helen Clarke becomes the first female Prime Minister in the countries history.
30 November 1962
Burmese statesman U Thant becomes Secretary General of the United Nations.
6 December 1978
Spain votes in its first democratic elections for 40 years following the death of dictator, General Franco.
10 December 1948
The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
11 December 1946
The General Assembly of the United Nations votes to establish the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).
12 December 1936
In China, in what is known as the Xi'an Incident, Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek is kidnapped by his own generals and forced to call a truce with the communists and form a united front against the Japanese.
13 December 1996
The United Nations Security Council recommends Kofi Annan to be the next Secretary General.  
19 December 1964
The Vietnam War: Major Genwral Nguyen Khanh and a group of generals seize power in another bloodless coup in South Vietnam.
21 December 1977
In Britain, The Trades Union Congress General Council rejects calls by fireman to launch a public campaign against the imposition of a 10% limit on wage increases.
23 December 1783
Following the signing of the Treaty of Paris, General George Washington resigns as commander in chief of the Continental Army in America.
24 December 1943
The Second World War: U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower is appointed Supreme Allied Commander.
26 December 1944
The Second World War: American troops under the command of General George S. Patton attempt to relieve Allied soldiers at Bastogne in Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge.
 

1776: United States declares independence
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