Rennenkampf, Paul Karlovich (1854–1918)

Russian general. He served in China and the Russo‐Japanese war before taking charge of the invasion of eastern Prussia in World War I.

After some initial success he was forced to retreat following the Russian defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg August 1914. He attacked again with reinforcements, drove the Germans back from the River Niemen line, and once more invaded eastern Prussia. He was then transferred to the Warsaw Front where he argued with General Russky and was retired late 1914. He lived in retirement for the rest of the war until he was murdered by the Bolsheviks 1918.