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North, Thomas (c. 1535–c. 1601)

English translator. His translations include Plutarch'sLives, which appeared in 1579 as Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans. Shakespeare drew heavily on this translation for his Roman plays (Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus).

North's first translation was of the Spanish adaptation of Marcus Aurelius:Reloy de principes by Antonio de Guevara. North's version, The Diall of Princes (1557), is partially based on a French translation.

North's translation of Plutarch was not taken directly from the Greek, but from a 1559 version by the French translator Jacques Amyot. North's version is neither scholarly nor accurate: both Amyot and North embellished Plutarch's rather dry prose style. Nevertheless it was very popular; a second edition (1603) augmented the text with translations of other classical biographies.

He was the second son of the 1st Lord North. After possibly studying at Cambridge, he entered Lincoln's Field Inn in 1557, though he seems to have devoted himself to literature rather than law. In 1574 he accompanied his brother on an embassy to France. He was knighted in 1591.

North also published The Morall Philosophy of Doni (1570), a translation of a collection of Oriental fables by the Italian writer Anton Francesco Doni (1513–1574).

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The Constant Gardner

Victoria's Wars

European History for Dummies

Sudan

Chechnya in Focus

Rwanda

Zimbabwe's Political History

Global Warming

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

VANISHINGS: Amelia Earhart

Alexander the Great

Yorkshire Ripper (Peter Sutcliffe)

The Boys of H Company

The Crusades

SECRETS OF ARCHAEOLOGY: Pompeii: A City Rediscovered

D-Day

Trafalgar 200

The Killing Fields: The Khmer Rouge and Cambodia

The Zulu War of 1879

Tanganyika

Captain Cook

The American Civil War: The Road to War

The New Big Picture Show: War at Home

Zimbabwe's Political History

Global Warming

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

4 January 1998
Loyalist prisoners in Maze Prison, Northern Ireland, vote to withdraw support for the Ulster Peace Process. They claim that too many concessions have been made to Republicans.

5 January 1993

Shetland Oil disaster in the North Sea.

9 January 1998
Northern Ireland Secretary Dr Mo Mowlam makes a controversial visit to the Maze Prison in Belfast, Northern Ireland to talk to Loyalist and Republican terrorists.

16 January 1981
The Northern Ireland civil rights campaigner and former Westminster MP Bernadette McAliskey and her husband are shot by gunmen who burst into their home in Northern Ireland.

19 January 2001

In North Wales, baby twins are taken into care by social services from a couple who bought the children for £8000 from America over the internet.

23 January 1968

The American navy intelligence vessel, USS Pueblo, is captured off the coast of North Korea.

24 January 2001

In Britain, Peter Mandelson, the Northern Ireland Secretary, resigns from the cabinet over a row concerning a passport application from an Indian billionaire. It the second time Mandelson has had to reign from the Cabinet.

26 January 1970

The Vietnam War: US Navy Lt. Everett Alvarez Jr. spends his 2,000th day in North Vietnam.

30 January 1972

'Bloody Sunday': British troops shoot dead 13 people during a demonstration in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The troops argued that they opened fire in response to shots from gunmen in a nearby block of flats.

4 February 1998
Thousands die as Northern Afghanistan is hit by an earthquake.

12 February 1989

In Northern Ireland, loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Freedom Fighters kill prominent lawyer Pat Finucane.

13 February 1965

The Vietnam War: President Johnson decides to undertake the sustained bombing of North Vietnam, known as Operation Rolling Thunder.

17 February 2005

Seven people are arrested and more than £2 million is recovered by Irish police investigating the £26 million Northern Bank robbery, which touch place in Belfast in December 2004.

21 February 1970

The Vietnam War: American National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger begins secret peace talks with North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho, in Paris.

28 February 2001

In Selby, North Yorkshire a train crashes into a car which had veered off the motorway, killing ten people.

4 March 1976
The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is dissolved returning Northern Ireland to direct rule by the British parliament.

8 March 2005
In Northern Ireland, the IRA offer to shoot the killers of Robert McCartney. McCartney was allegedly killed by the IRA in January 2006. His family subsequently launched a high profile campaign to find his killers and rejected the offer by the IRA.

9 March 1995
In Britain, the Queen pays a symbolic visit to Northern Ireland her first since the IRA and Loyalist ceasefires came into effect in 1994.

10 March 1906
In Northern France, 1099 people are killed in the Courrières mine disaster.

14 March 1984
Sinn Fein president Gerry Adams is shot by Loyalist gunmen in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Adams survived the attack.

16 March 1988
In Northern Ireland, Loyalist gunman Michael Stone attacks mourners attending the funeral of three IRA members at a Belfast commentary. Stone threw grenades at the crowd, killing three people.

19 March 1865
The American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins in North Carolina.

25 March 2000
In Northern Ireland, Ulster Unionist party leader David Trimble narrowly wins an election to maintain his position.

26 March 1975
The Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese capture the South Vietnamese city Hue.

27 March 1980
123 oil rig workers in the North Sea are killed as accommodation platform collapse due to bad weather.

29 March 1879
Anglo-Zulu War: 2,000 British soldiers defeat 20,000 Zulus at the Battle of Kambula in northwest Zululand.

30 March 1979
In England, Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary Airey Neave is killed by a car bomb planted by the The Irish National Liberation Army.

31 March 1968
President Lyndon B. Johnson announces a halt to American bombing in Vietnam in an attempt to start peace talks with the North Vietnamese. He also declares that he will not seek re-election as President.

2 April 1972
The Vietnam War: North Vietnamese forces launch their Easter Offensive.

6 April 1909
American explorer Robert Peary reaches what he believes to be the North Pole. Decades later evidence emerges which suggests Peary was in fact a few miles short.

10 April 1998

The Good Friday peace agreement is signed in Northern Ireland.

12 April 2000
The Queen awards the Royal Ulster Constabulary, the Northern Ireland police, the George Cross.

14 April 1912
The Titanic hits an iceberg in the North Atlantic and begins to sink.

15 April 1450
The Hundred Years’ War: French forces decisively defeat the English at the Battle of Formigny in northern France.

16 April 1972
The Vietnam War: After a four year pause, the U.S. resumes bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong in North Vietnam.

20 April 1974
The 1000th victim of the conflict in Northern Ireland is claimed.

26 April 1937
The German Luftwaffe bomb Guernica in northern Spain during the Spanish Civil War.

27 April 1996
Operation Grapes of Wrath, Israel’s 16 day response to the shelling of Northern Israel by Hezbollah, comes to an end.

30 April 1975
The Vietnam War: The war ends as the South Vietnamese Government surrenders to North Vietnam.

2 May 1670
King Charles II of England gives a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America.

3 May 1952
Two American pilots land the first aircraft on the North Pole.

4 May 1776
Rhode Island becomes the first North American colony to renounce its allegiance to King George III.

5 May 1981
In Northern Ireland, IRA prisoner Bobby Sands dies in the Maze prison, Belfast after spending 66 days on hunger strike to try and obtain political prisoner status.

6 May 1976
A massive earthquake rocks north-east Italy, killing at least 60 people.

8 May 1987
British special forces ambush and kill eight members if the IRA in Northern Ireland.

10 May 1998
In Northern Ireland, Sinn Fein vote in favour of accepting the Good Friday peace agreement.

12 May 1981
Following the death of Bobby Sands, Francis Hughes becomes the second IRA hunger striker to die in the Maze Prison in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

13 May 1996
Over 600 people are killed by a tornado in the northern Bangladesh district of Tangail.

14 May 1804
In America, the Lewis and Clark expedition leaves St. Louis, Missouri on a mission to explore the Northwest from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.

17 May 2000
Alan Chambers and Charlie Paton become the first two Britain’s to reach the geographical North Pole without outside support.

20 May
Britain passes the Quebec Act extending its boundaries northwards to Hudson Bay and as far south as the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.

23 May 1998

In a referendum the People of Northern Ireland vote in favour of accepting the Good Friday peace agreement.

28 May 1974
The power-sharing assembly in Northern Ireland collapses after a week long general strike.

29 May 1176
The Lombard League of north Italian cities defeats the German forces of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa at the Battle of Legnano in Italy.

30 May 1972
In Northern Ireland the Official IRA declares a cease-fire.

1 June 1922
In Northern Ireland, the Royal Ulster Constabulary is established.

2 June 1994
25 senior British intelligence officers involved in counter terrorism in Northern Ireland are killed when their Chinook helicopter crashes on the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland.

3 June 1991
The British Army shoot dead 3 IRA members in Northern Ireland.

7 June 1917
The First World War: British troops defeat the Germans at the Battle of Messines Ridge in northern France.

10 June 1886
Mount Tarawera in New Zealand’s North Island erupts, killing 153 people.

13 June 1973
The Vietnam War: American and North Vietnam sign a further peace agreement designed to end all cease-fire violations in South Vietnam.

14 June 1991
The Gulf War: In excess of a thousand Kurds besiege the U.S. military base near the northern Iraqi city of Dohuk, begging the American troops not to withdraw from Iraq.

17 June 1775
American War of Independence: The Battle of Bunker Hill begins north of Boston, Massachussets, which ends in victory for the British.

21 June 1978
In Northern Ireland, shooting breaks out between the British army and IRA gunmen at a post office depot in Belfast. One innocent civilian is killed in the crossfire.

24 June 1993
In Britain, the Northern Ireland Minister, Michael Mates, resigns following damaging allegations of his links with the fugitive businessman Asil Nadir.

26 June 2000
As part of the on-going peace process in Northern Ireland, International inspectors verify that they have seen IRA weapons stored away in secure bunkers.

27 June 1944
The Second World War: The allies recapture the French town of Cherbourg in northwest France.

28 June 1950
The Korean War: North Korean troops capture Seoul.

29 June 1966
The Vietnam War: U.S. bombers bomb the North Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and Haiphong for the first time.

1 July 1942
The Second World War: In North Africa, the first Battle of El Alamein begins.

3 July 1970
A flight from Manchester to Barcelona goes missing. The next day the wreckage of the plane is found having crashed into the Montseny mountains in Northern Spain. All 105 people onboard were killed.

5 July 2000
A mass airlift of Jackass penguins from Dassen Island, 50 miles north of Cape Town, South Africa is carried out following an oil slick from a Panamanian tanker.

6 July 1988
167 men die in explosion on board the Piper Alpha oil rig in the North Sea.

7 July 1994
North Yemeni forces capture Aden to bring an end to the two-month civil war.

8 July 1971
The British Army shoot dead two men in Londonderry, Northern Ireland as they attempt to quell a protest.

10 July 1976
A leak of weed killer from a chemicals factory in Northern Italy forms a toxic cloud around the town of Seveso killing 40,000 animals and destroying crops.

12 July 2006
Hezbollah launch Katyusha rockets into Northern Israel and capture two Israeli soldiers, Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev.

14 July 2001
Northern Irish politicians fail to resolve the deadlock in the peace process after six days of crisis talks in Staffordshire, England. The Northern Ireland Assembly is eventually suspended in August.

19 July 1997
The Irish Republican Army, the IRA, announce a major ceasefire in its 28 year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

20 July 1974
Turkish troops invade northern Cyprus.

21 July 1972
The Provisional IRA cause havoc in Belfast, Northern Ireland instigating 22 explosions in the city which kill 9 people.

24 July 2000
As part of the Good Friday peace agreement in Northern Ireland., loyalist paramilitary hitman Michael Stone is released from the Maze prison.

25 July 1978
The world's first test tube baby, Louise Joy Brown, is born at Oldham General Hospital in the north of England.

26 July 1469
War of the Roses: The House of Lancaster defeats the House of York at the Battle of Edgecote Moor in Northamptonshire.

28 July 2000
In Northern Ireland, the final prisoners due for early release as a result of the deal negotiated as part of the Good Friday Agreement are released.

31 July 1973
The democratically elected Northern Ireland Assembly meets for the first time in Stormont, Belfast since the end of direct rule was imposed in March 1972.

2 August 1980
Right-wing terrorists explode a bomb at Bologna Railway Station in northern Italy which kills 85 people and injures another 100.

3 August 1958
USS Nautilus, the first nuclear submarine, passes under the North Pole.

4 August 1969
The Vietnam War: The first secret negotiating session takes place between Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuan Thuy in Paris.

5 August 1983
In Northern Ireland, twenty-two members of the IRA are jailed for a total of more than 4,000 years. The prosecutions were carried out largely as a result of information supplied by IRA informer Christopher Black. In 1986 18 of those jailed had their convictions quashed.

7 August 1964
The Vietnam War: in America, Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, effectively giving President Johnson the power to wage war on North Vietnam.

8 August 1945
The Second World War: The Soviet Union officially declares war on Japan, invading Japanese-occupied Manchuria in north eastern China.

9 August 1971
The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Brian Faulkner, introduces internment - the ability to indefinitely detain suspected terrorists without trial.

10 August 1977
Amid tight security, Queen Elizabeth II, as part of her Silver Jubilee, visits Northern Ireland for the first time in 11 years.

12 August 1969
The Royal Ulster Constabulary use tear gas for the first time to disperse rioters in Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

14 August 2001
In Northern Ireland, the IRA withdraws a proposal to put their weapons beyond use.

15 August 1998
In Northern Ireland, a terrorist bomb explodes in the centre of Omagh, County Tyrone killing 28 and injuring more than 200 people, the Real IRA claims responsibility.

16 August 2004
In Britain, Boscastle in north Cornwall is completely devastated as flash floods sweep through the coastal village.

18 August 1971
In Northern Ireland, the British army shoot dead Eamon McDevitt, an unarmed, disabled man during a civil rights march. The army claimed that McDevitt was armed.

21 August 1973
In Northern Ireland, the inquest jury returns an open verdict on the deaths of those people killed on “Bloody Sunday.” The coroner accuses the British army of “sheer unadulterated murder.”

22 August 1992
In the second day of a standoff at white separatist Randy Weaver's remote northern Idaho cabin, FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi wounds Randy Weaver, Kevin Harrison and kills Weaver’s wife, Vicki.

27 August 1979
18 British soldiers are killed in Northern Ireland as their vehicles are hit by two booby-trap bombs.

28 August 1914
The First World War: Battle of Heligoland Bight, the first major naval battle of the war between British and German warships in the North Sea.

31 August 2005
In Iraq, more than a 1000 Shia Muslim pilgrims die in a stampede across a bridge in northern Baghdad.

1 September 1985
A joint U.S. French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic at the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean.

2 September 1945
Ho Chi Minh proclaims the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).

4 September 1985
The wreck of the ocean liner The Titanic is photographed by remote control on the North Atlantic seabed where she sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg on her maiden voyage.

8 September 1998
In Northern Ireland, The Real IRA announces a ceasefire, although it is thought that they continued to carry out illegal activities even after the declaration.

9 September 1999
In Northern Ireland, the Police Review Commission recommends that the Royal Ulster Constabulary should undertake several reforms in order to make it a police service for the whole community.

10 September 1608
English adventurer John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America.

17 September 1862
The American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac fight to a standstill along a Maryland creek on the bloodiest day in American history. Approximately 3,600 people are killed.

18 September 1964
The Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese begin their infiltration of the South.

19 September 1918
The First World War: British forces in Palestine renew their offensive against the Turkish lines north of Jerusalem, beginning with the capture of Megiddo.

22 September 1975
The fragile ceasefire agreement in Northern Ireland is spectacularly blown apart when the Provisional IRA explode a series of bombs throughout the country.

23 September 1997
In Northern Ireland, representatives from The Ulster Unionist Party and Sinn Fein meet for face to face talks at Stormont for the first time since the Ulster Unionist lifted their 80 year ban on talking to Sinn Fein.

25 September 1983
In Northern Ireland, 38 prisoners break out of the Maze prison.

26 September 2005

In Northern Ireland, General John de Chastelain, the head of the arms decommissioning body, announces that the IRA has put all of its weapons beyond use.

28 September 1708
As part of the Great Northern War, the Russian Army of Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya in modern-day Belarus.

3 October 2006
North Korea announces that it will conduct a nuclear test, which it does on the 9th October.

5 October 1968
A civil rights demonstration in Londonderry, Northern Ireland ends in violence as the police break up the demonstration using force.

6 October 1985
In England, a Metropolitan policeman, PC Keith Blakelock is killed as serious rioting breaks out in Tottenham, North London.

8 October 2005
A massive earthquake hits Pakistan, northern Indian and Afghanistan. It is thought that around 73,000 people are killed as a result of the quake.

9 October 2006
North Korea conducts its first nuclear weapons test.

10 October 1980
Two big earthquakes strike the northern Algerian town of El Asnam killing approximately 3,500 people.

11 October 1954
The Viet Minh formally take over Hanoi and control of North Vietnam.

13 October 1994
In Northern Ireland, three of the main Loyalist paramilitaries announce a ceasefire.

14 October 1939
The Second World War: The Royal Navy battleship, HMS Royal Oak, is torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine while at harbour in Scapa Flow, off the northern coast of Scotland.

15 October 1976

In Northern Ireland, two members of a Loyalist paramilitary are each sentenced to 35 years in jail for killing three members of popular cabaret band from the Republic of Ireland.

16 October 1974
In Northern Ireland, rioting prisoners set fore to the Maze prison.

19 October 1970
British Petroleum (BP) announces that it has struck oil in the North Sea.

20 October 1935
What is left of the Chinese communist movement now led by Mao Zedong arrives in Shensi Province in northwest China thus ending the Long March.

21 October 1982
In Northern Ireland, Sinn Fein leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness are elected to the new Ulster Assembly.

23 October 2001
In Northern Ireland, the IRA announces that it has commenced the decommissioning of its weapons.

24 October 1917
The First World War: A German and Austro-Hungarian force crush the Italians along the northern stretch of the Isonzo River at the Battle of Caporetto.

27 October 1982
In Northern Ireland, an IRA bomb explodes under a RUC police car killing three policemen.

3 November 1979
In America, five members of the Communist Workers Party, participating in a “Death to the Klan” rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, are shot dead by members of the Ku Klux Klan.

4 November 2001
The Police Service of Northern Ireland is established, replacing the Royal Ulster Constabulary.

8 November 1987
In Northern Ireland, 11 people are killed by an IRA bomb which explodes shortly before a Remembrance Day service in Enniskillen.

9 November 1965
The Great Northeast Blackout, the biggest power failure in U.S. history, occurs as all of New York State, portions of seven neighbouring states, and parts of eastern Canada are plunged into darkness.

13 November 1985
An estimated 23,000 are killed when the volcano, Nevado del Ruiz, erupts in northern Colombia.