Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu) (c. 604–531 BC)

Chinese philosopher. He is commonly regarded as the founder of Taoism, with its emphasis on the Tao, the inevitable and harmonious way of the universe. Nothing certain is known of his life. The Tao Te Ching, the Taoist scripture, is attributed to him but apparently dates from the 3rd century BC.

He is often depicted on a water‐buffalo or an ox, with a book in his hand.

According to Taoist tradition, he is said to have lived in his mother's womb for 70 years and been born white‐haired. He became a historian in charge of the archives of the State of Ch'u, but retired to the mountains in the West after observing the onset of decline in the land. At the frontier, the gate‐keeper begged him to write down his teachings, so he wrote the Tao Te Ching. After his departure, he was never seen again.